SEQ.

Airlift bioreactor

 mechanically agitated bioreactor

Hana hoʻohuihui

It contains an inner draft tube that creates the drafting force required for liquid circulation which can improve the bulk mixing. Meanwhile, oxygen transfer, internal circulation, and mixing are achieved by bubbling air.

It uses mechanical agitator to mix substance or broth. Meanwhile, oxygen transfer, internal circulation, and mixing are achieved by mechanical agitator

pono

It can  reduce shear stress and heat generation by eliminating the mechanical agitator

Strong shear stress with higher heat generation by mechanical agitator